Organic Cotton

Organic cotton production is the only farming system by which cotton is produced entirely free of chemical pesticides – and thereby without the risks that such chemicals pose to human health and the environment.

Instead of pesticides, natural predator populations are nurtured within cotton production zones and measures such as intercropping and crop rotation are used to halt the development of cotton pest populations.

Over the last few decades organic cotton production has grown substantially, from just 30 farmers producing 113 tonnes of cotton fibre, to a global total of more than 31,000 tonnes.

Commercial organic cotton production is now underway in some 22 countries across Africa, Asia, the Mediterranean and the Americas. In sub-Saharan Africa, Uganda, Tanzania and Mali are the main producers, and production in Benin and Senegal is increasing rapidly. Production also recently started in Togo, Zambia, Malawi and Kenya.

While these figures so far only constitute a small fraction (0.15%) of world cotton
production they represent important proof that contemporary cotton production can occur without the use of hazardous pesticides. It also means a more sustainable way of producing cotton for small farmers in the developing world.

Organic farming can offer a step away from debts and health risks to farming families, as less harmful farming practises are introduced. The prospect of receiving organic premiums, as well as prompt cash payments, is also advantageous.

Much of the supply of organic cotton has been fuelled by demand for organic products among Western consumers, which is substantial and growing. In 2005, global organic cotton retail sales were valued at US$583 million and in 2005/06 the UK demand for organic cotton for the first time surpassed supply.

A 2005 survey revealed that almost half of British consumers reported buying organic products, with many registering environmental concerns among those that shape the way they shop.

Global retail sales of organic cotton products are projected to increase by an average annual growth rate of 75%, to reach US$2.6 billion by the end of 2008.

The number of brands using organic cotton are also on the increase. Major clothing retailers, including Wal-Mart, Harrods, Marks and Spencer, H&M, Coop Switzerland and Italia, Migros and Monoprix, now offering organic clothing ranges.